Which type of taxiing uses less fuel and minimizes air turbulence?

Ground taxiing is the method that uses less fuel and minimizes air turbulence. When an aircraft is grounded, it utilizes its engines at a lower power setting to maneuver on the taxiway, effectively conserving fuel compared to other types of taxiing, such as hover taxiing, which is not typically used by commercial jets and can be less fuel-efficient. This method also minimizes air turbulence because the aircraft is not generating significant lift or moving through the air at high speeds, which would create more disturbance. By staying close to the ground during taxi operations, the aircraft reduces drag and overall fuel consumption, making ground taxiing the most efficient method in terms of fuel usage and turbulence generation.